-52.1% is the change from 998 to 478
Calculation steps:
[( 478 - 998 ) ÷ 998] x 100 = -52.1%
Formula
Percentage change = [(478 - 998) / 998] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
478 - 998 = -520
-520 ÷ 998 = -0.5210420841683366
-0.5210420841683366 x 100 = -52.1%